A recent study “Enteropathogen Detection in Children with Diarrhoea, or Vomiting, or Both, Comparing Rectal Flocked Swabs with Stool Specimens: an Outpatient Cohort Study,” published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology on July 13, 2017, found that not only are COPAN’s rectal swabs a much more convenient tool for collecting paediatric faecal samples, but they actually increased the overall yield by 10 percent!
Of the 1,519 study participants, only five were unable to provide a rectal swab sample compared to 372 who couldn’t provide a stool sample.
Getting Stool Samples from Small Ones
It’s a common dilemma among parents. Exactly how does Mom successfully
obtain enough faecal matter from a baby with liquefied faeces that just soak
into the nappy?
Since a nappy may contain interfering substances, such as Vaseline®, perfumes, dyes or other cream contaminants and is also designed to absorb liquids, parents must find another way to complete the unpleasant task. Lining the nappy with plastic wrap is one plausible option, but it’s not easy to keep the material in place, it could cause diaper rashes, and it can yield insufficient sample volume.
For children out of nappies, figuring out when they’re going to have a bowel movement and convincing them to go into a toilet hat or Saran® wrap-covered seat, can pose quite the challenge too.
Detecting gastrointestinal pathogens has traditionally depended upon receiving stool samples from patients, and subsequently testing the specimen for parasites, virus or bacteria affecting the patient. Due to the preconceived notion that rectal swabs do not collect enough faecal matter; healthcare officials have been advised against using them to diagnose GI diseases. Yet, solely relying on stool specimens for enteric pathogen detection can lead to delayed diagnosis.
Considering all the difficulties involved collecting paediatric samples, researchers at The Alberta Provincial Paediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) decided to conduct a study comparing the two methods: fresh stool samples, COPAN’s FecalSwab® kits and COPAN dry flocked swabs. The study, which spanned from December 12, 2014 through August 31, 2016, involved 1,519 children under the age of 18 who had suffered at least three episodes of vomiting or diarrhoea in the preceding 24 hours and less than 7 days of symptoms.
Three groups of patients were recruited for the study: “(1) children with vomiting or diarrhoea in Paediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) emergency departments in Calgary and Edmonton (AB, Canada), and children in these departments with non-infectious illness whose caregivers agreed to submit specimens if they later developed vomiting or diarrhoea; (2) children receiving routine vaccinations at a Calgary public health clinic whose caregivers agreed to submit specimens if vomiting or diarrhoea developed later; and (3) symptomatic children identified via a provincewide nursing triage telephone resource called Health Link who met triage criteria for the provision of care at home instead of seeking medical care.”
Patients were asked to provide three sample types: stool in a sterile container, two types of swabs: COPAN’s FecalSwab® with a regular flocked swab, and a dry rectal FLOQSwab® with a stopper. Dry swabs and stool samples were transported to the lab in sterile containers, while the FecalSwab® rectal swabs were transported in the accompanying 2mL tube of Cary-Blair media.
The rectal swab with a stopper is specifically designed to reach the rectum’s transition zone, making it much easier to quickly collect rectal samples, particularly from young children and babies.
Faster Results with Molecular Diagnostics
99 percent of all enrolled patients were able to provide rectal swab
samples, while only 76 percent of the patients were able to produce fresh
stool. That only five of the participants were not able to provide a rectal
sample reveals how effective these swabs are for paediatrics, particularly when
rapid detection is necessary. In addition, overall pathogen yield was 67
percent for swab samples versus 57 percent for stool showing that rectal swabs
are also a more sensitive device for pathogen detection.
These noteworthy results from the two-year long study, lead the authors to state “Rectal swabs should be done when enteropathogen identification and rapid detection are needed, appropriate molecular diagnostic technology is available, and a stool specimen is not immediately available. In view of their high yield, we urge the recommendation against the use of rectal swabs as diagnostic specimens be reconsidered”.
Advances in technology are continuously improving medicine. The end goal of all these innovations in healthcare is better patient care. This study demonstrates that conducting more research on the clinical need for rectal swabs for paediatric patients is needed.
Ask your doctor about COPAN’s FecalSwab® and rectal FLOQSwab® today! Or contact MSC to see for yourself why this product is a necessity for paediatrics!
